Bladder cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells lining the bladder. It is the sixth most common cancer in the United States, with an estimated 83,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The treatment options for bladder cancer depend on several factors, including the stage of the cancer, the location of the tumor, and the patient’s overall health. In this article, we will discuss the various bladder cancer treatment options in detail.
Surgery
Surgery is the most common treatment for bladder cancer. The type of surgery depends on the stage and location of the cancer. The options include:
Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT): This is a minimally invasive surgery used to remove the tumor from the bladder lining. During this procedure, a cystoscope (a thin tube with a light and camera) is inserted into the bladder through the urethra. The surgeon uses a tool to remove the tumor and cauterize any bleeding.
Radical cystectomy: This is a more extensive surgery in which the entire bladder is removed. In men, the prostate gland and seminal vesicles may also be removed. In women, the uterus, ovaries, and part of the vagina may also be removed.
Partial cystectomy: This surgery removes only part of the bladder if the tumor is located in a specific area and has not spread.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It may be used in combination with surgery or radiation therapy or as the primary treatment for bladder cancer. Chemotherapy drugs can be given intravenously or inserted directly into the bladder through a catheter.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. It is often used in combination with chemotherapy or surgery. There are two types of radiation therapy:
External beam radiation therapy: This type of radiation is delivered from outside the body using a machine.
Internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy): This type of radiation involves placing a radioactive source directly into the bladder. The radiation source is inserted through the urethra and is removed after a few minutes.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy helps the body’s immune system fight cancer. It works by stimulating the immune system to attack cancer cells. One type of immunotherapy used for bladder cancer is called Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). BCG is a bacteria that is used to stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells in the bladder. It is inserted into the bladder through a catheter.
Conclusion
The treatment options for bladder cancer depend on several factors, including the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Surgery is the most common treatment for bladder cancer, but chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and clinical trials are also options. The choice of treatment will be determined by your doctor and will depend on several factors, including the type of bladder cancer, the stage of the cancer, and your overall health. It is important to discuss all of your treatment options with your doctor to determine the best course of action for you.
